The history of Saudi Arabia is extensive and spans several centuries. Here is a brief overview of its history:

Pre-Islamic Era: The Arabian Peninsula, including present-day Saudi Arabia, was inhabited by various tribes and civilizations. It was a center for trade and commerce, with cities such as Makkah and Madinah holding religious significance.

Rise of Islam: In the 7th century, Islam emerged in the Arabian Peninsula with the arrival of the Prophet Muhammad. The city of Makkah became the spiritual center, and the Islamic faith spread rapidly across the region.

Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates: Following the death of Prophet Muhammad, the Rashidun Caliphate was established, and Islam continued to expand. Later, the Umayyad Caliphate took control, and the Arabian Peninsula was unified under Islamic rule.

Abbasid and Ottoman Empires: The Abbasid Caliphate replaced the Umayyad Caliphate, and the Arabian Peninsula remained under their influence for several centuries. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire extended its rule over the region, with the area of present-day Saudi Arabia being part of the Ottoman province of Hijaz.

First Saudi State: In the 18th century, the first Saudi state was founded by Muhammad bin Saud in the central region of Najd. The state expanded and gained influence until it was eventually destroyed by the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century.

Second Saudi State: The second Saudi state was established by Turki bin Abdullah in 1824 in Diriyah. It faced opposition from regional powers, including the Ottomans and Egyptians. The second Saudi state collapsed in 1891.

Unification and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: In the early 20th century, Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, also known as Ibn Saud, began a campaign to unify various tribes and regions under his rule. With the support of his allies, known as the Ikhwan, he successfully captured Riyadh in 1902. Over the next few decades, Ibn Saud expanded his control over much of the Arabian Peninsula. In 1932, he officially declared the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with Riyadh as its capital.

Modern Saudi Arabia: Since its establishment, Saudi Arabia has witnessed significant development and transformation. The country has become a major player in the global oil industry, with vast oil reserves being discovered in the mid-20th century. Saudi Arabia follows a conservative form of Sunni Islam, and the custodianship of the two holy mosques in Makkah and Madinah holds great religious significance. The country has undergone various social, economic, and political reforms, while preserving its Islamic identity.



INSTRUCTIONS:

To download the "HISTORY OF SAUDIA.pdf" file, please follow these steps:

1. Click on the download link provided below . The link might be labeled as "Download PDF."

2. Once you click on the download link, your browser will start downloading the file automatically.  

3. Single click download.

if you find any error please feedback

You can now access and view the Books , Notes using a PDF reader such as Adobe Acrobat Reader or any other compatible software.

HASH TAGS:

#FreePDFBooks #FreeEBooks #PDFDownloads #EducationalResources #FreeReading #BookLovers #DigitalLibrary #KnowledgeIsPower #LearningMaterials #FreeBooksOnline #HISTORYBOOKS

Hyperlinks

Articles:

Books/Novels Pdf Download Link:

Books/Novels Pdf Download Link:

Books/Novels Pdf Download Link:

Books/Novels Pdf Download Link: